详解VB6实现MUI程序_编程语言综合
之前,我负责一个VB6编写的办公自动化系统,要求能在运行时,支持在不同语言间切换(英文,中文,日文,德文,法文和西班牙文);实质就是实现一个VB6的MUI程序.
这个需要的困难在于VB6显示文本的标准控件(Label,Textbox等)不支持Unicode;但字符串在其内部是按Unicode保存的,也就是说VB6本身是支持Unicode的.
VB6中,标准控件显示字符串的过程如下:
1) 标准控件先将Unicode字符串转换成ANSI字符串;
2) 标准控件尝试将ANSI字符串转换成其Font.Charset属性中指定的字符集格式的字符串;如果转换失败,则显示为问号(?).
具体可参照:Display Unicode Strings in Visual Basic 6.0.
因此,实现MUI程序的思路有两种:
1) 将标准控件替换为能支持Unicode的控件;
2) 将资源文件中不同字符集的文本,转换为ANSI格式,提供给标准控件使用;
第1)种方式可用 Forms 2.0 (fm20.dll);
第2)种方式,我在网上找到两篇文章,但各有不足:
a) Auto-Detect Language and Display Unicode in VB6 TextBox and Label Controls;
ChilkatCharset2控件需购买,具对日文的一些标点符号(如全角句号)不支持.
b) How To Convert from ANSI to Unicode & Unicode to ANSI for OLE
没有测试成功.
下面,着重介绍我自己认为比较成功的实现,它使用了ADODB.Stream(msado25.tlb);其实现思路如下:
1) 将程序中用到的文本保存为Unicode格式的资源文件中;
之所以将资源文本保存为双字节的Unicode格式,而非Utf8或Utf7格式,可省去从其它格式向VB6支持的Unicode格式转换过程.
2) 将显示文本的标准控件的Font.Charset,设置为程序要显示语言所对应的字符集,并设置一种支持这种字符集的字体到Font.Name属性
If g_Str.NumJapanese > 0 Then
charset = "Shift_JIS"
Text1.Font.Name = "MS UI Gothic"
Text1.Font.charset = 128
ElseIf g_Str.NumKorean > 0 Then
charset = "ks_c_5601-1987"
Text1.Font.Name = "GulimChe"
Text1.Font.charset = 129
ElseIf g_Str.NumCentralEuro > 0 Then
charset = "windows-1250"
Text1.Font.Name = "Arial"
Text1.Font.charset = 238
ElseIf g_Str.NumArabic > 0 Then
charset = "windows-1256"
Text1.Font.Name = "Traditional Arabic"
Text1.Font.charset = 178
ElseIf g_Str.NumHebrew > 0 Then
charset = "windows-1255"
Text1.Font.Name = "David"
Text1.Font.charset = 177
ElseIf g_Str.NumCyrillic > 0 Then
charset = "windows-1251"
Text1.Font.Name = "Arial"
Text1.Font.charset = 204
ElseIf g_Str.NumGreek > 0 Then
charset = "windows-1253"
Text1.Font.Name = "Arial"
Text1.Font.charset = 161
ElseIf g_Str.NumThai > 0 Then
charset = "windows-874"
Text1.Font.Name = "Angsana New"
Text1.Font.charset = 222
ElseIf g_Str.NumChinese > 0 Then
charset = "gb2312"
Text1.Font.Name = "SimSun"
Text1.Font.charset = 134
' An alternative is to use Big5:
' Text1.Font.Name = "MingLiu"
'charset = "big5"
'fontCh = 136
Else
charset = "windows-1252"
Text1.Font.charset = 0
Text1.Font.Name = "Arial" End If 3)
根据要显示的语言,利用ADODB.Stream将资源文件中Unicode格式保存的字符串转换成操作系统的区域语言(Locale)支持字符集的字符串;
' 调用API来获取操作系统默认的区域语言设置(LocaleID)
Private Declare Function GetSystemDefaultLCID Lib "kernel32" () As Long
' 将Unicode字符串,转换为指定字符集的字节数组;
' 用于转换用资源文件中读取的文本;
Public Function ConvertStringToBytes(ByRef strText As String, charset As String) As Byte()
Dim objStream As ADODB.Stream
Dim data() As Byte
' init stream
Set objStream = New ADODB.Stream
objStream.charset = charset
objStream.Mode = adModeReadWrite
objStream.Type = adTypeText
objStream.Open
' write bytes into stream
objStream.WriteText strText
objStream.Flush
' rewind stream and read text
objStream.Position = 0
objStream.Type = adTypeBinary '
objStream.Read 3 ' skip first 3 bytes as this is the utf-8 marker
data = objStream.Read()
' close up and return
objStream.Close
ConvertStringToUtf8Bytes = data
End Function '
转换为指定字符集的字节数组,转换为ANSI(即LocaleID)对应的字符集的字符串; ' 用于将ConvertStringToBytes()返回的字节数组转换为GetCharset()字符集的字符串.
Public Function ConvertBytesToString(ByRef data() As Byte, charset As String) As String
Dim objStream As ADODB.Stream
Dim strTmp As String
' init stream
Set objStream = New ADODB.Stream
objStream.charset = charset
objStream.Mode = adModeReadWrite
objStream.Type = adTypeBinary
objStream.Open
' write bytes into stream
objStream.Write data
objStream.Flush
' rewind stream and read text
objStream.Position = 0
objStream.Type = adTypeText
strTmp = objStream.ReadText
' close up and return
objStream.Close
ConvertUtf8BytesToString = strTmp
End Function
'获取操作系统默认区域语言对应的字符集
Public Function GetCharset() As String
Dim localeId As Long
Dim charset As String
' 获取操作系统的LocaleId
localeId = GetSystemDefaultLCID()
Select Case localeId
Case 1033
charset = "windows-1252"
Case 2052
charset = "gb2312"
Case 1041
charset = "Shift_JIS"
Case Else
charset = "windows-1252"
End Select
GetCharset = charset End Function
'显示资源文本中的文本
Private Sub DisplayText(filename As String)
'保存资源文本中的文本的变量
Dim textBytes As Variant
Dim f As New FileSystemObject
Dim fs As TextStream
'将Unicode文本读取到变量中
Set fs = f.OpenTextFile(filename, ForReading, False, TristateTrue)
Do While Not fs.AtEndOfStream
textBytes = fs.ReadAll
Loop fs.Close
' Convert to a Unicode string:
Dim s As String
s = textBytes
Dim t As Long
' CkString是免费的第三方组件,可自动判定一个字符串所对应的字符集
' 下载地址:http://www.chilkatsoft.com/download/CkString.zip
Dim g_Str As New CkString
g_Str.Str = s
'获取资源文本所代表的字符集名称,设置对应的字体和字符集到textbox上
Dim charset As String
If g_Str.NumJapanese > 0 Then '日文
charset = "Shift_JIS"
Text1.Font.Name = "MS UI Gothic"
Text1.Font.charset = 128
ElseIf g_Str.NumKorean > 0 Then '韩语
charset = "ks_c_5601-1987"
Text1.Font.Name = "GulimChe"
Text1.Font.charset = 129
ElseIf g_Str.NumCentralEuro > 0 Then '中欧语言
charset = "windows-1250"
Text1.Font.Name = "Arial"
Text1.Font.charset = 238
ElseIf g_Str.NumArabic > 0 Then '阿拉伯语
charset = "windows-1256"
Text1.Font.Name = "Traditional Arabic"
Text1.Font.charset = 178
ElseIf g_Str.NumGreek > 0 Then '希腊语
charset = "windows-1253"
Text1.Font.Name = "Arial"
Text1.Font.charset = 161
ElseIf g_Str.NumThai > 0 Then '泰语
charset = "windows-874"
Text1.Font.Name = "Angsana New"
Text1.Font.charset = 222
ElseIf g_Str.NumChinese > 0 Then '中文
charset = "gb2312"
Text1.Font.Name = "SimSun"
Text1.Font.charset = 134
' 繁体则使用Big5:
' Text1.Font.Name = "MingLiu"
'charset = "big5"
'Text1.Font.charset = 136
Else '默认值
charset = "windows-1252"
Text1.Font.charset = 0
Text1.Font.Name = "Arial"
End If
Dim bytes() As Byte
Dim g_OSCharset As String
'获取操作系统默认语言对应的字符集
g_OSCharset = GetCharset()
'先将Unicode资源文本转换成对应的字节数组;
bytes = ConvertStringToBytes(s, charset)
'将字节数组转换成ANSI(即默认字符集)对应的字符串
vbstr2 = ConvertBytesToString(bytes, g_OSCharset)
' 设置字符串到VB6的标准控件中
Me.Text1.Text = vbstr2 End Sub
